- websocket client on ESP32

- telemetry protocol builder
- server-side message handling
- database migrations
- telemetry persistence
This commit is contained in:
2026-04-14 16:09:18 +03:00
parent 977227296e
commit 4100931deb
57 changed files with 4960 additions and 63 deletions

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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
include($ENV{IDF_PATH}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)
set(common_component_dir ../../../../common_components)
set(EXTRA_COMPONENT_DIRS
../..
"${common_component_dir}/linux_compat/esp_timer"
"${common_component_dir}/linux_compat/freertos"
$ENV{IDF_PATH}/examples/protocols/linux_stubs/esp_stubs
$ENV{IDF_PATH}/examples/common_components/protocol_examples_common)
set(COMPONENTS main)
project(websocket)

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# ESP Websocket Client - Host Example
This example demonstrates the ESP websocket client using the `linux` target. It allows for compilation and execution of the example directly within a Linux environment.
## Compilation and Execution
To compile and execute this example on Linux need to set target `linux`
* Debian/Ubuntu: `sudo apt-get install -y libbsd-dev`
* Fedora/RHEL: `sudo dnf install libbsd-devel`
* Arch: `sudo pacman -S libbsd`
* Alpine: `sudo apk add libbsd-dev`
```
idf.py --preview set-target linux
idf.py build
./build/websocket.elf
```
## Example Output
```
I (76826192) websocket: [APP] Startup..
I (76826193) websocket: [APP] Free memory: 4294967295 bytes
I (76826193) websocket: [APP] IDF version: v6.0-dev-2414-gab3feab1d13
I (76826195) websocket: Connecting to wss://echo.websocket.org...
W (76826195) websocket_client: `reconnect_timeout_ms` is not set, or it is less than or equal to zero, using default time out 10000 (milliseconds)
W (76826195) websocket_client: `network_timeout_ms` is not set, or it is less than or equal to zero, using default time out 10000 (milliseconds)
I (76826195) websocket: WEBSOCKET_EVENT_BEGIN
I (76826196) websocket_client: Started
I (76826294) esp-x509-crt-bundle: Certificate validated
I (76827230) websocket: WEBSOCKET_EVENT_CONNECTED
I (76827239) websocket: WEBSOCKET_EVENT_DATA
I (76827239) websocket: Received opcode=1
W (76827239) websocket: Received=Request served by 4d896d95b55478
W (76827239) websocket: Total payload length=32, data_len=32, current payload offset=0
I (76828198) websocket: Sending hello 0000
I (76828827) websocket: WEBSOCKET_EVENT_DATA
I (76828827) websocket: Received opcode=1
W (76828827) websocket: Received=hello 0000
W (76828827) websocket: Total payload length=10, data_len=10, current payload offset=0
I (76829207) websocket: Sending fragmented text message
```
## Coverage Reporting
For generating a coverage report, it's necessary to enable `CONFIG_GCOV_ENABLED=y` option. Set the following configuration in your project's SDK configuration file (`sdkconfig.ci.coverage`, `sdkconfig.ci.linux` or via `menuconfig`):

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idf_component_register(SRCS "websocket_linux.c"
REQUIRES esp_websocket_client protocol_examples_common esp_netif)
if(CONFIG_GCOV_ENABLED)
target_compile_options(${COMPONENT_LIB} PUBLIC --coverage -fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage)
target_link_options(${COMPONENT_LIB} PUBLIC --coverage -fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage)
idf_component_get_property(esp_websocket_client esp_websocket_client COMPONENT_LIB)
target_compile_options(${esp_websocket_client} PUBLIC --coverage -fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage)
target_link_options(${esp_websocket_client} PUBLIC --coverage -fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage)
endif()

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menu "Host-test config"
config GCOV_ENABLED
bool "Coverage analyzer"
default n
help
Enables coverage analyzing for host tests.
config WEBSOCKET_URI
string "Websocket endpoint URI"
default "wss://echo.websocket.org"
help
URL of websocket endpoint this example connects to and sends echo
config WS_OVER_TLS_SERVER_AUTH
bool "Enable WebSocket over TLS with Server Certificate Verification Only"
default y
help
Enables WebSocket connections over TLS (WSS) with server certificate verification.
The client verifies the server certificate; the server does not require a client certificate.
config WS_OVER_TLS_MUTUAL_AUTH
bool "Enable WebSocket over TLS with Server Client Mutual Authentification"
default n
help
Enables WebSocket connections over TLS (WSS) with server and client mutual certificate verification.
config WS_OVER_TLS_SKIP_COMMON_NAME_CHECK
bool "Skip common name(CN) check during TLS authentification"
default n
help
Skip Common Name (CN) check during TLS (WSS) authentication. Use only for testing.
endmenu

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/*
* SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023-2024 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
*
* SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
*/
#include <esp_log.h>
#include "protocol_examples_common.h"
#include "esp_websocket_client.h"
#include "esp_system.h"
#include "esp_event.h"
#include "esp_netif.h"
#include "esp_crt_bundle.h"
static const char *TAG = "websocket";
static void log_error_if_nonzero(const char *message, int error_code)
{
if (error_code != 0) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Last error %s: 0x%x", message, error_code);
}
}
static void websocket_event_handler(void *handler_args, esp_event_base_t base, int32_t event_id, void *event_data)
{
esp_websocket_event_data_t *data = (esp_websocket_event_data_t *)event_data;
switch (event_id) {
case WEBSOCKET_EVENT_BEGIN:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "WEBSOCKET_EVENT_BEGIN");
break;
#if WS_TRANSPORT_HEADER_CALLBACK_SUPPORT
case WEBSOCKET_EVENT_HEADER_RECEIVED:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "WEBSOCKET_EVENT_HEADER_RECEIVED: %.*s", data->data_len, data->data_ptr);
break;
#endif
case WEBSOCKET_EVENT_CONNECTED:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "WEBSOCKET_EVENT_CONNECTED");
break;
case WEBSOCKET_EVENT_DISCONNECTED:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "WEBSOCKET_EVENT_DISCONNECTED");
log_error_if_nonzero("HTTP status code", data->error_handle.esp_ws_handshake_status_code);
if (data->error_handle.error_type == WEBSOCKET_ERROR_TYPE_TCP_TRANSPORT) {
log_error_if_nonzero("reported from esp-tls", data->error_handle.esp_tls_last_esp_err);
log_error_if_nonzero("reported from tls stack", data->error_handle.esp_tls_stack_err);
log_error_if_nonzero("captured as transport's socket errno", data->error_handle.esp_transport_sock_errno);
}
break;
case WEBSOCKET_EVENT_DATA:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "WEBSOCKET_EVENT_DATA");
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Received opcode=%d", data->op_code);
if (data->op_code == 0x08 && data->data_len == 2) {
ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Received closed message with code=%d", 256 * data->data_ptr[0] + data->data_ptr[1]);
} else {
ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Received=%.*s", data->data_len, (char *)data->data_ptr);
}
// If received data contains json structure it succeed to parse
ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Total payload length=%d, data_len=%d, current payload offset=%d\r\n", data->payload_len, data->data_len, data->payload_offset);
break;
case WEBSOCKET_EVENT_ERROR:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "WEBSOCKET_EVENT_ERROR");
log_error_if_nonzero("HTTP status code", data->error_handle.esp_ws_handshake_status_code);
if (data->error_handle.error_type == WEBSOCKET_ERROR_TYPE_TCP_TRANSPORT) {
log_error_if_nonzero("reported from esp-tls", data->error_handle.esp_tls_last_esp_err);
log_error_if_nonzero("reported from tls stack", data->error_handle.esp_tls_stack_err);
log_error_if_nonzero("captured as transport's socket errno", data->error_handle.esp_transport_sock_errno);
}
break;
case WEBSOCKET_EVENT_FINISH:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "WEBSOCKET_EVENT_FINISH");
break;
}
}
static void websocket_app_start(void)
{
esp_websocket_client_config_t websocket_cfg = {};
websocket_cfg.uri = CONFIG_WEBSOCKET_URI;
#if CONFIG_WS_OVER_TLS_MUTUAL_AUTH
/* Configuring client certificates for mutual authentification */
extern const char cacert_start[] asm("_binary_ca_cert_pem_start");
extern const char cert_start[] asm("_binary_client_cert_pem_start");
extern const char cert_end[] asm("_binary_client_cert_pem_end");
extern const char key_start[] asm("_binary_client_key_pem_start");
extern const char key_end[] asm("_binary_client_key_pem_end");
websocket_cfg.cert_pem = cacert_start;
websocket_cfg.client_cert = cert_start;
websocket_cfg.client_cert_len = cert_end - cert_start;
websocket_cfg.client_key = key_start;
websocket_cfg.client_key_len = key_end - key_start;
#elif CONFIG_WS_OVER_TLS_SERVER_AUTH
// Using certificate bundle as default server certificate source
websocket_cfg.crt_bundle_attach = esp_crt_bundle_attach;
// If using a custom certificate it could be added to certificate bundle,
// added to the build similar to client certificates in this examples,
// or read from NVS.
/* extern const char cacert_start[] asm("ADDED_CERTIFICATE"); */
/* websocket_cfg.cert_pem = cacert_start; */
#endif
#if CONFIG_WS_OVER_TLS_SKIP_COMMON_NAME_CHECK
websocket_cfg.skip_cert_common_name_check = true;
#endif
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Connecting to %s...", websocket_cfg.uri);
esp_websocket_client_handle_t client = esp_websocket_client_init(&websocket_cfg);
// This call demonstrates adding another header; it's called to increase code coverage
esp_websocket_client_append_header(client, "HeaderNewKey", "value");
esp_websocket_register_events(client, WEBSOCKET_EVENT_ANY, websocket_event_handler, (void *)client);
esp_websocket_client_start(client);
char data[32];
int i = 0;
while (i < 1) {
if (esp_websocket_client_is_connected(client)) {
int len = sprintf(data, "hello %04d", i++);
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Sending %s", data);
esp_websocket_client_send_text(client, data, len, portMAX_DELAY);
}
vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
}
// Sending text data
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Sending fragmented text message");
memset(data, 'a', sizeof(data));
esp_websocket_client_send_text_partial(client, data, sizeof(data), portMAX_DELAY);
memset(data, 'b', sizeof(data));
esp_websocket_client_send_cont_msg(client, data, sizeof(data), portMAX_DELAY);
esp_websocket_client_send_fin(client, portMAX_DELAY);
vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
// Sending binary data
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Sending fragmented binary message");
char binary_data[128];
memset(binary_data, 0, sizeof(binary_data));
esp_websocket_client_send_bin_partial(client, binary_data, sizeof(binary_data), portMAX_DELAY);
memset(binary_data, 1, sizeof(binary_data));
esp_websocket_client_send_cont_msg(client, binary_data, sizeof(binary_data), portMAX_DELAY);
esp_websocket_client_send_fin(client, portMAX_DELAY);
esp_websocket_client_destroy(client);
}
int main(void)
{
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[APP] Startup..");
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[APP] Free memory: %" PRIu32 " bytes", esp_get_free_heap_size());
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[APP] IDF version: %s", esp_get_idf_version());
esp_log_level_set("*", ESP_LOG_INFO);
esp_log_level_set("websocket_client", ESP_LOG_DEBUG);
esp_log_level_set("transport_ws", ESP_LOG_DEBUG);
esp_log_level_set("trans_tcp", ESP_LOG_DEBUG);
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_netif_init());
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_loop_create_default());
/* This helper function configures Wi-Fi or Ethernet, as selected in menuconfig.
* Read "Establishing Wi-Fi or Ethernet Connection" section in
* examples/protocols/README.md for more information about this function.
*/
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(example_connect());
websocket_app_start();
return 0;
}

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# The following lines of boilerplate have to be in your project's CMakeLists
# in this exact order for cmake to work correctly
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
include($ENV{IDF_PATH}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)
project(websocket_example)

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# Websocket Sample application
This example shows how to set up and communicate over a websocket.
## Table of Contents
- [Hardware Required](#hardware-required)
- [Configure the project](#configure-the-project)
- [Pre-configured SDK Configurations](#pre-configured-sdk-configurations)
- [Server Certificate Verification](#server-certificate-verification)
- [Generating Self-signed Certificates](#generating-a-self-signed-certificates-with-openssl)
- [Build and Flash](#build-and-flash)
- [Testing with pytest](#testing-with-pytest)
- [Example Output](#example-output)
- [WebSocket Test Server](#websocket-test-server)
- [Python Flask Echo Server](#alternative-python-flask-echo-server)
## Quick Start
1. **Install dependencies:**
```bash
pip install -r esp-protocols/ci/requirements.txt
```
2. **Configure and build:**
```bash
idf.py menuconfig # Configure WiFi/Ethernet and WebSocket URI
idf.py build
```
3. **Flash and monitor:**
```bash
idf.py -p PORT flash monitor
```
4. **Run tests:**
```bash
pytest .
```
## How to Use Example
### Hardware Required
This example can be executed on any ESP32 board, the only required interface is WiFi and connection to internet or a local server.
### Configure the project
* Open the project configuration menu (`idf.py menuconfig`)
* Configure Wi-Fi or Ethernet under "Example Connection Configuration" menu.
* Configure the websocket endpoint URI under "Example Configuration", if "WEBSOCKET_URI_FROM_STDIN" is selected then the example application will connect to the URI it reads from stdin (used for testing)
* To test a WebSocket client example over TLS, please enable one of the following configurations: `CONFIG_WS_OVER_TLS_MUTUAL_AUTH` or `CONFIG_WS_OVER_TLS_SERVER_AUTH`. See the sections below for more details.
### Pre-configured SDK Configurations
This example includes several pre-configured `sdkconfig.ci.*` files for different testing scenarios:
* **sdkconfig.ci** - Default configuration with WebSocket over Ethernet (IP101 PHY, ESP32, IPv6) and hardcoded URI.
* **sdkconfig.ci.plain_tcp** - WebSocket over plain TCP (no TLS, URI from stdin) using Ethernet (IP101 PHY, ESP32, IPv6).
* **sdkconfig.ci.mutual_auth** - WebSocket with mutual TLS authentication (client/server certificate verification, skips CN check) and URI from stdin.
* **sdkconfig.ci.dynamic_buffer** - WebSocket with dynamic buffer allocation, Ethernet (IP101 PHY, ESP32, IPv6), and hardcoded URI.
Example:
```
idf.py -DSDKCONFIG_DEFAULTS="sdkconfig.ci.plain_tcp" build
```
### Server Certificate Verification
* Mutual Authentication: When `CONFIG_WS_OVER_TLS_MUTUAL_AUTH=y` is enabled, it's essential to provide valid certificates for both the server and client.
This ensures a secure two-way verification process.
* Server-Only Authentication: To perform verification of the server's certificate only (without requiring a client certificate), set `CONFIG_WS_OVER_TLS_SERVER_AUTH=y`.
This method skips client certificate verification.
* Example below demonstrates how to generate a new self signed certificates for the server and client using the OpenSSL command line tool
Please note: This example represents an extremely simplified approach to generating self-signed certificates/keys with a single common CA, devoid of CN checks, lacking password protection, and featuring hardcoded key sizes and types. It is intended solely for testing purposes.
In the outlined steps, we are omitting the configuration of the CN (Common Name) field due to the context of a testing environment. However, it's important to recognize that the CN field is a critical element of SSL/TLS certificates, significantly influencing the security and efficacy of HTTPS communications. This field facilitates the verification of a website's identity, enhancing trust and security in web interactions. In practical deployments beyond testing scenarios, ensuring the CN field is accurately set is paramount for maintaining the integrity and reliability of secure communications
### Generating a self signed Certificates with OpenSSL manually
* The example below outlines the process for creating new certificates for both the server and client using OpenSSL, a widely-used command line tool for implementing TLS protocol:
```
Generate the CA's Private Key;
openssl genrsa -out ca_key.pem 2048
Create the CA's Certificate
openssl req -new -x509 -days 3650 -key ca_key.pem -out ca_cert.pem
Generate the Server's Private Key
openssl genrsa -out server_key.pem 2048
Generate a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) for the Server
openssl req -new -key server_key.pem -out server_csr.pem
Sign the Server's CSR with the CA's Certificate
openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in server_csr.pem -CA ca_cert.pem -CAkey ca_key.pem -CAcreateserial -out server_cert.pem
Generate the Client's Private Key
openssl genrsa -out client_key.pem 2048
Generate a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) for the Client
openssl req -new -key client_key.pem -out client_csr.pem
Sign the Client's CSR with the CA's Certificate
openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in client_csr.pem -CA ca_cert.pem -CAkey ca_key.pem -CAcreateserial -out client_cert.pem
```
Expiry time and metadata fields can be adjusted in the invocation.
Please see the openssl man pages (man openssl) for more details.
It is **strongly recommended** to not reuse the example certificate in your application;
it is included only for demonstration.
### Certificate Generation Options
#### Option 1: Manual OpenSSL Commands
Follow the step-by-step process in the section above to understand certificate generation.
#### Option 2: Automated Script
**Note:** Test certificates are already available in the example. If you want to regenerate them or create new ones, use the provided `generate_certs.sh` script:
```bash
# Auto-detect local IP address (recommended for network testing)
./generate_certs.sh
# Specify custom hostname or IP address
./generate_certs.sh 192.168.1.100
# Use localhost (for local-only testing)
./generate_certs.sh localhost
```
This script automatically generates all required certificates in the correct directories and cleans up temporary files.
**Important:** The server certificate's Common Name (CN) must match the hostname or IP address that ESP32 clients use to connect. If not specified, the script attempts to auto-detect your local IP address. Certificate verification will fail if there's a mismatch between the CN and the actual connection address.
**CN Mismatch Handling:**
If you encounter certificate verification failures due to CN mismatch, you have two options:
1. **Recommended (Secure):** Regenerate certificates with the correct CN:
```bash
./generate_certs.sh <actual_hostname_or_ip>
```
2. **Testing Only (Less Secure):** Skip CN verification by enabling `CONFIG_WS_OVER_TLS_SKIP_COMMON_NAME_CHECK=y` in `idf.py menuconfig`.
⚠️ **WARNING:** This option disables an important security check and should **NEVER** be used in production environments. It makes your application vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks.
#### Option 3: Online Certificate Generators
- **mkcert**: `install mkcert` then `mkcert -install` and `mkcert localhost`
- **Let's Encrypt**: For production certificates (free, automated renewal)
- **Online generators**: Search for "self-signed certificate generator" online
### Build and Flash
Build the project and flash it to the board, then run monitor tool to view serial output:
```
idf.py -p PORT flash monitor
```
(To exit the serial monitor, type ``Ctrl-]``.)
See the [ESP-IDF Getting Started Guide](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/esp32/get-started/index.html) for full steps to configure and use ESP-IDF to build projects.
## Testing with pytest
### Install Dependencies
Before running the pytest tests, you need to install the required Python packages:
```
pip install -r esp-protocols/ci/requirements.txt
```
### Run pytest
After installing the dependencies, you can run the pytest tests:
Run all tests in current directory:
```
pytest .
```
Run specific test file:
```
pytest pytest_websocket.py
```
To specify the target device or serial port, use:
```
pytest --target esp32 --port /dev/ttyUSB0
```
## Example Output
```
I (482) system_api: Base MAC address is not set, read default base MAC address from BLK0 of EFUSE
I (2492) example_connect: Ethernet Link Up
I (4472) tcpip_adapter: eth ip: 192.168.2.137, mask: 255.255.255.0, gw: 192.168.2.2
I (4472) example_connect: Connected to Ethernet
I (4472) example_connect: IPv4 address: 192.168.2.137
I (4472) example_connect: IPv6 address: fe80:0000:0000:0000:bedd:c2ff:fed4:a92b
I (4482) WEBSOCKET: Connecting to wss://echo.websocket.org...
I (5012) WEBSOCKET: WEBSOCKET_EVENT_CONNECTED
I (5492) WEBSOCKET: Sending hello 0000
I (6052) WEBSOCKET: WEBSOCKET_EVENT_DATA
W (6052) WEBSOCKET: Received=hello 0000
I (6492) WEBSOCKET: Sending hello 0001
I (7052) WEBSOCKET: WEBSOCKET_EVENT_DATA
W (7052) WEBSOCKET: Received=hello 0001
I (7492) WEBSOCKET: Sending hello 0002
I (8082) WEBSOCKET: WEBSOCKET_EVENT_DATA
W (8082) WEBSOCKET: Received=hello 0002
I (8492) WEBSOCKET: Sending hello 0003
I (9152) WEBSOCKET: WEBSOCKET_EVENT_DATA
W (9162) WEBSOCKET: Received=hello 0003
```
## WebSocket Test Server
### Standalone Test Server
This example includes a standalone WebSocket test server (`websocket_server.py`) that can be used for testing your ESP32 WebSocket client:
#### Quick Start
**Plain WebSocket (No TLS):**
```bash
# Plain WebSocket server (no encryption)
python websocket_server.py
# Custom port
python websocket_server.py --port 9000
```
**Server-Only Authentication:**
```bash
# TLS WebSocket server (ESP32 verifies server)
python websocket_server.py --tls
# Custom port with TLS
python websocket_server.py --port 9000 --tls
```
**Mutual Authentication:**
```bash
# TLS with client certificate verification (both verify each other)
python websocket_server.py --tls --client-verify
# Custom port with mutual authentication
python websocket_server.py --port 9000 --tls --client-verify
```
#### Server Features
- **Echo functionality** - Automatically echoes back received messages
- **TLS support** - Secure WebSocket (WSS) connections
- **Client certificate verification** - Mutual authentication support
- **Binary and text messages** - Handles both data types
- **Auto IP detection** - Shows connection URL with your local IP
#### Verification Modes
**Plain WebSocket (No TLS):**
- No certificate verification on either side
- Use for local testing or trusted networks
- Configuration: `CONFIG_WS_OVER_TLS_MUTUAL_AUTH=n` and `CONFIG_WS_OVER_TLS_SERVER_AUTH=n`
**Server-Only Authentication (`--tls` without `--client-verify`):**
- ESP32 verifies the server's certificate
- Server does NOT verify the ESP32's certificate
- Use when you trust the client but want to verify the server
- Configuration: `CONFIG_WS_OVER_TLS_SERVER_AUTH=y`
**Mutual Authentication (`--tls --client-verify`):**
- ESP32 verifies the server's certificate
- Server verifies the ESP32's certificate
- Use when both parties need to authenticate each other
- Configuration: `CONFIG_WS_OVER_TLS_MUTUAL_AUTH=y`
#### Usage Examples
**Plain WebSocket (No TLS or Client Verification):**
```bash
# Basic server (port 8080)
python websocket_server.py
# Custom port
python websocket_server.py --port 9000
```
**Server-Only Authentication (ESP32 verifies server, server doesn't verify ESP32):**
```bash
# TLS server without client verification
python websocket_server.py --tls
# Custom port with TLS
python websocket_server.py --port 9000 --tls
```
**Mutual Authentication (Both ESP32 and server verify each other's certificates):**
```bash
# TLS server with client certificate verification
python websocket_server.py --tls --client-verify
# Custom port with mutual authentication
python websocket_server.py --port 9000 --tls --client-verify
```
The server will display the connection URL (e.g., `wss://192.168.1.100:8080`) that you can use in your ESP32 configuration.
### Alternative: Python Flask Echo Server
By default, the `wss://echo.websocket.org` endpoint is used. You can also setup a Python Flask websocket echo server locally and try the `ws://<your-ip>:5000` endpoint. To do this, install Flask-sock Python package
```
pip install flask-sock
```
and start a Flask websocket echo server locally by executing the following Python code:
```python
from flask import Flask
from flask_sock import Sock
app = Flask(__name__)
sock = Sock(app)
@sock.route('/')
def echo(ws):
while True:
data = ws.receive()
ws.send(data)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# To run your Flask + WebSocket server in production you can use Gunicorn:
# gunicorn -b 0.0.0.0:5000 --workers 4 --threads 100 module:app
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", debug=True)
```
## Troubleshooting
### Common Issues
**Connection failed:**
- Verify WiFi/Ethernet configuration in `idf.py menuconfig`
- Check if the WebSocket server is running and accessible
- Ensure the URI is correct (use `wss://` for TLS, `ws://` for plain TCP)
**TLS certificate errors:**
- **Certificate verification failed:** The most common cause is CN mismatch. Ensure the server certificate's Common Name matches the hostname/IP you're connecting to:
- Check your connection URI (e.g., if connecting to `wss://192.168.1.100:8080`, the certificate CN must be `192.168.1.100`)
- Regenerate certificates with the correct CN: `./generate_certs.sh <your_hostname_or_ip>`
- For testing only, you can bypass CN check with `CONFIG_WS_OVER_TLS_SKIP_COMMON_NAME_CHECK=y` (NOT recommended for production)
- Verify certificate files are properly formatted and accessible
- Ensure the CA certificate used to sign the server certificate is loaded on the ESP32
**Build errors:**
- Clean build: `idf.py fullclean`
- Check ESP-IDF version compatibility
- Verify all dependencies are installed
**Test failures:**
- Ensure the device is connected and accessible via the specified port
- Check that the target device matches the configuration (`--target esp32`)
- Verify pytest dependencies are installed correctly
### Getting Help
- Check the [ESP-IDF documentation](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/)
- Review the [WebSocket client component documentation](../../README.md)
- Report issues on the [ESP Protocols repository](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols)

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
#!/bin/bash
# Generate CA, Server, and Client certificates automatically
#
# Usage: ./generate_certs.sh [SERVER_CN]
# SERVER_CN: The Common Name (hostname or IP) for the server certificate.
# This should match the hostname/IP that ESP32 clients will use to connect.
# If not provided, the script will attempt to auto-detect the local IP address.
# Falls back to "localhost" if auto-detection fails.
#
# IMPORTANT: The server certificate's Common Name (CN) must match the hostname or IP address
# that ESP32 clients use to connect. If there's a mismatch, certificate verification will fail
# during the TLS handshake. For production use, always specify the correct hostname/IP.
# Get server hostname/IP from command line argument or auto-detect
if [ -n "$1" ]; then
SERVER_CN="$1"
echo "Using provided SERVER_CN: $SERVER_CN"
else
# Attempt to auto-detect local IP address
# Try multiple methods for better compatibility across different systems
if command -v hostname >/dev/null 2>&1; then
# Try to get IP from hostname command (works on most Unix systems)
SERVER_CN=$(hostname -I 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $1}')
fi
# If the above failed, try ifconfig (macOS and some Linux systems)
if [ -z "$SERVER_CN" ] && command -v ifconfig >/dev/null 2>&1; then
SERVER_CN=$(ifconfig | grep "inet " | grep -v 127.0.0.1 | awk '{print $2}' | head -n1)
fi
# If still empty, try ip command (modern Linux systems)
if [ -z "$SERVER_CN" ] && command -v ip >/dev/null 2>&1; then
SERVER_CN=$(ip -4 addr show | grep -oP '(?<=inet\s)\d+(\.\d+){3}' | grep -v 127.0.0.1 | head -n1)
fi
# Fall back to localhost if auto-detection failed
if [ -z "$SERVER_CN" ]; then
SERVER_CN="localhost"
echo "Warning: Could not auto-detect IP address. Using 'localhost' as SERVER_CN."
echo " If your server runs on a different machine or IP, re-run with: ./generate_certs.sh <hostname_or_ip>"
else
echo "Auto-detected SERVER_CN: $SERVER_CN"
fi
fi
echo "Note: ESP32 clients must connect using: $SERVER_CN"
echo ""
# Create directories if they don't exist
mkdir -p main/certs/server
echo "Generating CA certificate..."
openssl genrsa -out main/certs/ca_key.pem 2048
openssl req -new -x509 -days 3650 -key main/certs/ca_key.pem -out main/certs/ca_cert.pem -subj "/C=US/ST=State/L=City/O=Organization/CN=TestCA"
echo "Generating Server certificate with CN=$SERVER_CN..."
openssl genrsa -out main/certs/server/server_key.pem 2048
openssl req -new -key main/certs/server/server_key.pem -out server_csr.pem -subj "/C=US/ST=State/L=City/O=Organization/CN=$SERVER_CN"
openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in server_csr.pem -CA main/certs/ca_cert.pem -CAkey main/certs/ca_key.pem -CAcreateserial -out main/certs/server/server_cert.pem
echo "Generating Client certificate..."
openssl genrsa -out main/certs/client_key.pem 2048
openssl req -new -key main/certs/client_key.pem -out client_csr.pem -subj "/C=US/ST=State/L=City/O=Organization/CN=TestClient"
openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in client_csr.pem -CA main/certs/ca_cert.pem -CAkey main/certs/ca_key.pem -CAcreateserial -out main/certs/client_cert.pem
# Clean up CSR files
rm server_csr.pem client_csr.pem
echo "Certificates generated successfully!"
echo ""
echo "Generated files:"
echo " - main/certs/ca_cert.pem (CA certificate)"
echo " - main/certs/ca_key.pem (CA private key)"
echo " - main/certs/client_cert.pem (Client certificate)"
echo " - main/certs/client_key.pem (Client private key)"
echo " - main/certs/server/server_cert.pem (Server certificate with CN=$SERVER_CN)"
echo " - main/certs/server/server_key.pem (Server private key)"
echo ""
echo "IMPORTANT: Configure ESP32 clients to connect to: $SERVER_CN"
echo " The server certificate is valid for this hostname/IP only."
echo ""
echo "Note: If the CN doesn't match your connection hostname/IP, you have two options:"
echo " 1. Regenerate certificates with correct CN: ./generate_certs.sh <correct_hostname_or_ip>"
echo " 2. Skip CN verification (TESTING ONLY): Enable CONFIG_WS_OVER_TLS_SKIP_COMMON_NAME_CHECK=y"
echo " WARNING: Option 2 reduces security and should NOT be used in production!"

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@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
set(SRC_FILES "websocket_example.c") # Define source files
set(INCLUDE_DIRS ".") # Define include directories
set(EMBED_FILES "") # Initialize an empty list for files to embed
# Conditionally append files to the list based on configuration
#if(CONFIG_WS_OVER_TLS_MUTAL_AUTH)
list(APPEND EMBED_FILES
"certs/client_cert.pem"
"certs/ca_cert.pem"
"certs/client_key.pem")
#endif()
# Register the component with source files, include dirs, and any conditionally added embedded files
idf_component_register(SRCS "${SRC_FILES}"
INCLUDE_DIRS "${INCLUDE_DIRS}"
EMBED_TXTFILES "${EMBED_FILES}")

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
menu "Example Configuration"
choice WEBSOCKET_URI_SOURCE
prompt "Websocket URI source"
default WEBSOCKET_URI_FROM_STRING
help
Selects the source of the URI used in the example.
config WEBSOCKET_URI_FROM_STRING
bool "From string"
config WEBSOCKET_URI_FROM_STDIN
bool "From stdin"
endchoice
config WEBSOCKET_URI
string "Websocket endpoint URI"
depends on WEBSOCKET_URI_FROM_STRING
default "wss://echo.websocket.org"
help
URL of websocket endpoint this example connects to and sends echo
config WS_OVER_TLS_SERVER_AUTH
bool "Enable WebSocket over TLS with Server Certificate Verification Only"
default y
help
Enables WebSocket connections over TLS (WSS) with server certificate verification.
This setting mandates the client to verify the servers certificate, while the server
does not require client certificate verification.
config WS_OVER_TLS_MUTUAL_AUTH
bool "Enable WebSocket over TLS with Server Client Mutual Authentification"
default n
help
Enables WebSocket connections over TLS (WSS) with server and client mutual certificate verification.
config WS_OVER_TLS_SKIP_COMMON_NAME_CHECK
bool "Skip common name(CN) check during TLS authentification"
default n
help
Skipping Common Name(CN) check during TLS(WSS) authentificatio
if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET = "linux"
config GCOV_ENABLED
bool "Coverage analyzer"
default n
help
Enables coverage analyzing for host tests.
endif
endmenu

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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==
-----END CERTIFICATE-----

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END PRIVATE KEY-----

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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==
-----END CERTIFICATE-----

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
MIIEvQIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKcwggSjAgEAAoIBAQC8WWbDxnLzTSfu
QaO+kQnnzbwjhUHWn58s+BIEaO8MGG6bX+8r/SH9XjMfFS36qAN3qxgRun3YoRTa
Hc2QByiGjf5IL4EAPDnLN+NzUIL57Gi2QPQP/GksAsOGKWk/nMRPk1vcMptkFVIW
Sp474SQ0A92Z9z0dUIqBpjRa34krHsAIcT59/EG7YBBadMk0fQIxQVLh3Vosky85
q+0waFihe47Ef5U2UftexoUx4Vcz6EtP60Wx+4qN+FLsr+n2B7Oz2ITqfwgqLzjN
LZwm9bMjcLZ0fWm1A/W1C989MXwIw6DAPEZv7pbgp8r9phyrNieSDuuRaCvFsaXh
6troAjLxAgMBAAECggEACNVCggTxCCMCr+RJKxs/NS1LWPkbZNbYjrHVmnpXV6Bf
s460t0HoUasUx6zlGp+9heOyvcYat8maIj6KkOodBu5q0fTUXm/0n+ivlI1ejxz8
ritupr9GKWe5xrVzd6XA+SBmivWenvt2/Y+jSxica4oQ3vMe3RyVWk4yn15jXu+9
7B9lNyNeZtOBr6OozHGLYw4dwWcBNv2S6wevRKfHPwn/Ch5yTH1uAskgoMxUuyK2
ynNVHWUhyS4pFU7Tex5ENDel15VYdbxV/2lQ2W6fHMLtC5GWKJXXbigCX7pfOpzC
BFJEfZl7ze/qptE9AR7DkLFYyMtrS7OlebYbLDOM9wKBgQD+rTdwULZibpKwlI3a
9Y22d4N/EDFvuu8LnuEiVQnXgwg9M+tlaa2liP18j1a7y/FCfoXf5sjUWCsdYR6d
C0TuiOGI59hYGI94NvVLAmOutR+vJ/3jhbv5wyqEQLhJ42Yz9kWBrDCI+V3q3TdO
H7wcH6suUIZpeLEJF4qHzY/1dwKBgQC9U/Pvswiww8sfysmd5shUNo4ofAZnTM1A
ak6pWE3lSyiOkSm+3B2GqxYWLRoo1v+pTyhhXDtRRmxGtMNrKCsmlHef/o3c6kkG
cuC2h/DiSmoITHy3BYKJoDeE54E8ubXUUKqHo41LYUs+D7M/IGxeiO13MUoIrEtF
AwzVWPBU1wKBgH8barD2x6Bm+XWCHy6qIZlxGsMfDN1r2gTdvhWJhcj3D/Sj5heO
X+lfbsxtKee+yOHcDesK3y8D9jjKkSHmTvgSfyX6OML3NxvTqidOwPugUHj2J8QX
qhLk8mJhftj50reacWRf0TV76ADhecnXEuaic6hA7mTTpOAZzL0svm3PAoGBALWF
r6VLX3KzVqZVtLb7FWmAoQ35093pCgXPpznAW3cTd4Axd/fxbTG4CUYb2i/760X2
ij3Gw2yqe5fTKmYsLisgQA2bb4K28msHa6I2dmNQe5cXVp/X3Y98mJ6JpCSH3ekB
qm7ABfGXCCApx28n9B8zY5JbJKNqJgS15vELA+ojAoGAAkaV2w46+3iQ6gJtQepr
zGNybiYBx/Wo5fDdTS5u0xN+ZdC9fl2Zs0n7sMmUT8bWdDLcMnntHHO+oDIKyRHs
TQh1n68vQ4JoegQv3Z9Z/TLEKqr9gyJC1Ao6M4bZpPhUWQwupfHColtsr2TskcnJ
Nf2FpJZ7z6fQEShGlK1yTXM=
-----END PRIVATE KEY-----

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
dependencies:
espressif/cjson:
version: ^1.7.15
espressif/esp_websocket_client:
version: ^1.0.0
idf: '>=5.0'
protocol_examples_common:
path: ${IDF_PATH}/examples/common_components/protocol_examples_common

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
/*
* SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022-2025 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
*
* SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR CC0-1.0
*/
/* ESP HTTP Client Example
This example code is in the Public Domain (or CC0 licensed, at your option.)
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, this
software is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include "esp_wifi.h"
#include "esp_system.h"
#include "nvs_flash.h"
#include "esp_event.h"
#include "protocol_examples_common.h"
#include "esp_crt_bundle.h"
#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
#include "freertos/task.h"
#include "freertos/semphr.h"
#include "freertos/event_groups.h"
#include "esp_log.h"
#include "esp_websocket_client.h"
#include "esp_event.h"
#include <cJSON.h>
#define NO_DATA_TIMEOUT_SEC 5
static const char *TAG = "websocket";
static TimerHandle_t shutdown_signal_timer;
static SemaphoreHandle_t shutdown_sema;
static void log_error_if_nonzero(const char *message, int error_code)
{
if (error_code != 0) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Last error %s: 0x%x", message, error_code);
}
}
static void shutdown_signaler(TimerHandle_t xTimer)
{
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "No data received for %d seconds, signaling shutdown", NO_DATA_TIMEOUT_SEC);
xSemaphoreGive(shutdown_sema);
}
#if CONFIG_WEBSOCKET_URI_FROM_STDIN
static void get_string(char *line, size_t size)
{
int count = 0;
while (count < size) {
int c = fgetc(stdin);
if (c == '\n') {
line[count] = '\0';
break;
} else if (c > 0 && c < 127) {
line[count] = c;
++count;
}
vTaskDelay(10 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
}
}
#endif /* CONFIG_WEBSOCKET_URI_FROM_STDIN */
static void websocket_event_handler(void *handler_args, esp_event_base_t base, int32_t event_id, void *event_data)
{
esp_websocket_event_data_t *data = (esp_websocket_event_data_t *)event_data;
switch (event_id) {
case WEBSOCKET_EVENT_BEGIN:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "WEBSOCKET_EVENT_BEGIN");
break;
#if WS_TRANSPORT_HEADER_CALLBACK_SUPPORT
case WEBSOCKET_EVENT_HEADER_RECEIVED:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "WEBSOCKET_EVENT_HEADER_RECEIVED: %.*s", data->data_len, data->data_ptr);
break;
#endif
case WEBSOCKET_EVENT_CONNECTED:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "WEBSOCKET_EVENT_CONNECTED");
break;
case WEBSOCKET_EVENT_DISCONNECTED:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "WEBSOCKET_EVENT_DISCONNECTED");
log_error_if_nonzero("HTTP status code", data->error_handle.esp_ws_handshake_status_code);
if (data->error_handle.error_type == WEBSOCKET_ERROR_TYPE_TCP_TRANSPORT) {
log_error_if_nonzero("reported from esp-tls", data->error_handle.esp_tls_last_esp_err);
log_error_if_nonzero("reported from tls stack", data->error_handle.esp_tls_stack_err);
log_error_if_nonzero("captured as transport's socket errno", data->error_handle.esp_transport_sock_errno);
}
break;
case WEBSOCKET_EVENT_DATA:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "WEBSOCKET_EVENT_DATA");
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Received opcode=%d", data->op_code);
if (data->op_code == 0x2) { // Opcode 0x2 indicates binary data
ESP_LOG_BUFFER_HEX("Received binary data", data->data_ptr, data->data_len);
} else if (data->op_code == 0x08 && data->data_len == 2) {
ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Received closed message with code=%d", 256 * data->data_ptr[0] + data->data_ptr[1]);
} else {
ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Received=%.*s\n\n", data->data_len, (char *)data->data_ptr);
}
// If received data contains json structure it succeed to parse
cJSON *root = cJSON_Parse(data->data_ptr);
if (root) {
for (int i = 0 ; i < cJSON_GetArraySize(root) ; i++) {
cJSON *elem = cJSON_GetArrayItem(root, i);
cJSON *id = cJSON_GetObjectItem(elem, "id");
cJSON *name = cJSON_GetObjectItem(elem, "name");
ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Json={'id': '%s', 'name': '%s'}", id->valuestring, name->valuestring);
}
cJSON_Delete(root);
}
ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Total payload length=%d, data_len=%d, current payload offset=%d\r\n", data->payload_len, data->data_len, data->payload_offset);
xTimerReset(shutdown_signal_timer, portMAX_DELAY);
break;
case WEBSOCKET_EVENT_ERROR:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "WEBSOCKET_EVENT_ERROR");
log_error_if_nonzero("HTTP status code", data->error_handle.esp_ws_handshake_status_code);
if (data->error_handle.error_type == WEBSOCKET_ERROR_TYPE_TCP_TRANSPORT) {
log_error_if_nonzero("reported from esp-tls", data->error_handle.esp_tls_last_esp_err);
log_error_if_nonzero("reported from tls stack", data->error_handle.esp_tls_stack_err);
log_error_if_nonzero("captured as transport's socket errno", data->error_handle.esp_transport_sock_errno);
}
break;
case WEBSOCKET_EVENT_FINISH:
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "WEBSOCKET_EVENT_FINISH");
break;
}
}
static void websocket_app_start(void)
{
esp_websocket_client_config_t websocket_cfg = {};
shutdown_signal_timer = xTimerCreate("Websocket shutdown timer", NO_DATA_TIMEOUT_SEC * 1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS,
pdFALSE, NULL, shutdown_signaler);
shutdown_sema = xSemaphoreCreateBinary();
#if CONFIG_WEBSOCKET_URI_FROM_STDIN
char line[128];
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Please enter WebSocket endpoint URI");
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Examples:");
ESP_LOGI(TAG, " ws://192.168.1.100:8080 (plain WebSocket)");
ESP_LOGI(TAG, " wss://192.168.1.100:8080 (secure WebSocket)");
ESP_LOGI(TAG, " wss://echo.websocket.org (public test server)");
get_string(line, sizeof(line));
websocket_cfg.uri = line;
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Endpoint uri: %s\n", line);
#else
websocket_cfg.uri = CONFIG_WEBSOCKET_URI;
#endif /* CONFIG_WEBSOCKET_URI_FROM_STDIN */
#if CONFIG_WS_OVER_TLS_MUTUAL_AUTH
/* Configuring client certificates for mutual authentification */
extern const char cacert_start[] asm("_binary_ca_cert_pem_start"); // CA certificate
extern const char cert_start[] asm("_binary_client_cert_pem_start"); // Client certificate
extern const char cert_end[] asm("_binary_client_cert_pem_end");
extern const char key_start[] asm("_binary_client_key_pem_start"); // Client private key
extern const char key_end[] asm("_binary_client_key_pem_end");
websocket_cfg.cert_pem = cacert_start;
websocket_cfg.client_cert = cert_start;
websocket_cfg.client_cert_len = cert_end - cert_start;
websocket_cfg.client_key = key_start;
websocket_cfg.client_key_len = key_end - key_start;
#elif CONFIG_WS_OVER_TLS_SERVER_AUTH
// Using certificate bundle as default server certificate source
websocket_cfg.crt_bundle_attach = esp_crt_bundle_attach;
// If using a custom certificate it could be added to certificate bundle, added to the build similar to client certificates in this examples,
// or read from NVS.
/* extern const char cacert_start[] asm("ADDED_CERTIFICATE"); */
/* websocket_cfg.cert_pem = cacert_start; */
#endif
#if CONFIG_WS_OVER_TLS_SKIP_COMMON_NAME_CHECK
websocket_cfg.skip_cert_common_name_check = true;
#endif
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Connecting to %s...", websocket_cfg.uri);
esp_websocket_client_handle_t client = esp_websocket_client_init(&websocket_cfg);
esp_websocket_register_events(client, WEBSOCKET_EVENT_ANY, websocket_event_handler, (void *)client);
esp_websocket_client_start(client);
xTimerStart(shutdown_signal_timer, portMAX_DELAY);
char data[32];
int i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
if (esp_websocket_client_is_connected(client)) {
int len = sprintf(data, "hello %04d", i++);
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Sending %s", data);
esp_websocket_client_send_text(client, data, len, portMAX_DELAY);
}
vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
}
vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
// Sending text data
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Sending fragmented text message");
memset(data, 'a', sizeof(data));
esp_websocket_client_send_text_partial(client, data, sizeof(data), portMAX_DELAY);
memset(data, 'b', sizeof(data));
esp_websocket_client_send_cont_msg(client, data, sizeof(data), portMAX_DELAY);
esp_websocket_client_send_fin(client, portMAX_DELAY);
vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
// Sending binary data
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Sending fragmented binary message");
char binary_data[5];
memset(binary_data, 0, sizeof(binary_data));
esp_websocket_client_send_bin_partial(client, binary_data, sizeof(binary_data), portMAX_DELAY);
memset(binary_data, 1, sizeof(binary_data));
esp_websocket_client_send_cont_msg(client, binary_data, sizeof(binary_data), portMAX_DELAY);
esp_websocket_client_send_fin(client, portMAX_DELAY);
vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
// Sending text data longer than ws buffer (default 1024)
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Sending text longer than ws buffer (default 1024)");
const int size = 2000;
char *long_data = malloc(size);
memset(long_data, 'a', size);
esp_websocket_client_send_text(client, long_data, size, portMAX_DELAY);
free(long_data);
xSemaphoreTake(shutdown_sema, portMAX_DELAY);
esp_websocket_client_close(client, portMAX_DELAY);
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Websocket Stopped");
esp_websocket_unregister_events(client, WEBSOCKET_EVENT_ANY, websocket_event_handler);
esp_websocket_client_destroy(client);
}
void app_main(void)
{
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[APP] Startup..");
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[APP] Free memory: %" PRIu32 " bytes", esp_get_free_heap_size());
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[APP] IDF version: %s", esp_get_idf_version());
esp_log_level_set("*", ESP_LOG_INFO);
esp_log_level_set("websocket_client", ESP_LOG_DEBUG);
esp_log_level_set("transport_ws", ESP_LOG_DEBUG);
esp_log_level_set("trans_tcp", ESP_LOG_DEBUG);
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(nvs_flash_init());
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_netif_init());
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_loop_create_default());
/* This helper function configures Wi-Fi or Ethernet, as selected in menuconfig.
* Read "Establishing Wi-Fi or Ethernet Connection" section in
* examples/protocols/README.md for more information about this function.
*/
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(example_connect());
websocket_app_start();
}

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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022-2025 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR CC0-1.0
import json
import random
import re
import string
import sys
from websocket_server import WebsocketServer, get_my_ip
def test_examples_protocol_websocket(dut):
"""
steps:
1. obtain IP address
2. connect to uri specified in the config
3. send and receive data
"""
# Test for echo functionality:
# Sends a series of simple "hello" messages to the WebSocket server and verifies that each one is echoed back correctly.
# This tests the basic responsiveness and correctness of the WebSocket connection.
def test_echo(dut):
dut.expect('WEBSOCKET_EVENT_CONNECTED')
for i in range(0, 5):
dut.expect(re.compile(b'Received=hello (\\d)'))
print('All echos received')
sys.stdout.flush()
# Test for clean closure of the WebSocket connection:
# Ensures that the WebSocket can correctly receive a close frame and terminate the connection without issues.
def test_close(dut):
code = dut.expect(
re.compile(
b'websocket: Received closed message with code=(\\d*)'))[0]
print('Received close frame with code {}'.format(code))
# Test for JSON message handling:
# Sends a JSON formatted string and verifies that the received message matches the expected JSON structure.
def test_json(dut, websocket):
json_string = """
[
{
"id":"1",
"name":"user1"
},
{
"id":"2",
"name":"user2"
}
]
"""
websocket.send_data(json_string)
data = json.loads(json_string)
match = dut.expect(
re.compile(b'Json=({[a-zA-Z0-9]*).*}')).group(0).decode()[5:]
if match == str(data[0]):
print('\n Sent message and received message are equal \n')
sys.stdout.flush()
else:
raise ValueError(
'DUT received string do not match sent string, \nexpected: {}\nwith length {}\
\nreceived: {}\nwith length {}'.format(
data[0], len(data[0]), match, len(match)))
# Test for receiving long messages:
# This sends a message with a specified length (2000 characters) to ensure the WebSocket can handle large data payloads. Repeated 3 times for reliability.
def test_recv_long_msg(dut, websocket, msg_len, repeats):
send_msg = ''.join(
random.choice(string.ascii_uppercase + string.ascii_lowercase +
string.digits) for _ in range(msg_len))
for _ in range(repeats):
websocket.send_data(send_msg)
recv_msg = ''
while len(recv_msg) < msg_len:
match = dut.expect(re.compile(
b'Received=([a-zA-Z0-9]*).*\n')).group(1).decode()
recv_msg += match
if recv_msg == send_msg:
print('\n Sent message and received message are equal \n')
sys.stdout.flush()
else:
raise ValueError(
'DUT received string do not match sent string, \nexpected: {}\nwith length {}\
\nreceived: {}\nwith length {}'.format(
send_msg, len(send_msg), recv_msg, len(recv_msg)))
# Test for receiving the first fragment of a large message:
# Verifies the WebSocket's ability to correctly process the initial segment of a fragmented message.
def test_recv_fragmented_msg1(dut):
dut.expect('websocket: Total payload length=2000, data_len=1024, current payload offset=0')
# Test for receiving the second fragment of a large message:
# Confirms that the WebSocket can correctly handle and process the subsequent segment of a fragmented message.
def test_recv_fragmented_msg2(dut):
dut.expect('websocket: Total payload length=2000, data_len=976, current payload offset=1024')
# Test for receiving fragmented text messages:
# Checks if the WebSocket can accurately reconstruct a message sent in several smaller parts.
def test_fragmented_txt_msg(dut):
dut.expect('Received=' + 32 * 'a' + 32 * 'b')
print('\nFragmented data received\n')
# Extract the hexdump portion of the log line
def parse_hexdump(line):
match = re.search(r'\(.*\) Received binary data: ([0-9A-Fa-f ]+)', line)
if match:
hexdump = match.group(1).strip().replace(' ', '')
# Convert the hexdump string to a bytearray
return bytearray.fromhex(hexdump)
return bytearray()
# Capture the binary log output from the DUT
def test_fragmented_binary_msg(dut):
match = dut.expect(r'\(.*\) Received binary data: .*')
if match:
line = match.group(0).strip()
if isinstance(line, bytes):
line = line.decode('utf-8')
# Parse the hexdump from the log line
received_data = parse_hexdump(line)
# Create the expected bytearray with the specified pattern
expected_data = bytearray([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1])
# Validate the received data
assert received_data == expected_data, f'Received data does not match expected data. Received: {received_data}, Expected: {expected_data}'
print('\nFragmented data received\n')
else:
assert False, 'Log line with binary data not found'
# Starting of the test
try:
if dut.app.sdkconfig.get('WEBSOCKET_URI_FROM_STDIN') is True:
uri_from_stdin = True
else:
uri = dut.app.sdkconfig['WEBSOCKET_URI']
uri_from_stdin = False
if dut.app.sdkconfig.get('WS_OVER_TLS_MUTUAL_AUTH') is True:
use_tls = True
client_verify = True
else:
use_tls = False
client_verify = False
except Exception:
print('ENV_TEST_FAILURE: Cannot find uri settings in sdkconfig')
raise
if uri_from_stdin:
server_port = 8080
with WebsocketServer(server_port, use_tls, client_verify) as ws:
if use_tls is True:
uri = 'wss://{}:{}'.format(get_my_ip(), server_port)
else:
uri = 'ws://{}:{}'.format(get_my_ip(), server_port)
print('DUT connecting to {}'.format(uri))
dut.expect("Please enter WebSocket endpoint URI", timeout=30)
dut.write(uri)
test_echo(dut)
test_recv_long_msg(dut, ws, 2000, 3)
test_json(dut, ws)
test_fragmented_txt_msg(dut)
test_fragmented_binary_msg(dut)
test_recv_fragmented_msg1(dut)
test_recv_fragmented_msg2(dut)
test_close(dut)
else:
print('DUT connecting to {}'.format(uri))
test_echo(dut)

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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022-2025 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR CC0-1.0
import socket
import ssl
from threading import Event, Thread
from SimpleWebSocketServer import (SimpleSSLWebSocketServer,
SimpleWebSocketServer, WebSocket)
def get_my_ip():
"""Get the local IP address of this machine."""
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
try:
# doesn't even have to be reachable
s.connect(('8.8.8.8', 1))
IP = s.getsockname()[0]
except Exception:
IP = '127.0.0.1'
finally:
s.close()
return IP
class WebsocketTestEcho(WebSocket):
"""WebSocket handler that echoes back received messages."""
def handleMessage(self):
if isinstance(self.data, bytes):
print(f'\n Server received binary data: {self.data.hex()}\n')
self.sendMessage(self.data, binary=True)
else:
print(f'\n Server received: {self.data}\n')
self.sendMessage(self.data)
def handleConnected(self):
print('Connection from: {}'.format(self.address))
def handleClose(self):
print('{} closed the connection'.format(self.address))
class WebsocketServer:
"""WebSocket server for testing purposes."""
def __init__(self, port, use_tls=False, client_verify=False):
self.port = port
self.use_tls = use_tls
self.client_verify = client_verify
self.exit_event = Event()
self.thread = None
self.server = None
def send_data(self, data):
"""Send data to all connected clients."""
if self.server and hasattr(self.server, 'connections'):
for nr, conn in self.server.connections.items():
conn.sendMessage(data)
def run(self):
"""Run the WebSocket server."""
if self.use_tls:
ssl_context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
ssl_context.load_cert_chain(
certfile='main/certs/server/server_cert.pem',
keyfile='main/certs/server/server_key.pem'
)
if self.client_verify:
ssl_context.load_verify_locations(cafile='main/certs/ca_cert.pem')
ssl_context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
ssl_context.check_hostname = False
self.server = SimpleSSLWebSocketServer('', self.port, WebsocketTestEcho, ssl_context=ssl_context)
else:
self.server = SimpleWebSocketServer('', self.port, WebsocketTestEcho)
print(f"WebSocket server starting on port {self.port} (TLS: {self.use_tls}, Client verify: {self.client_verify})")
while not self.exit_event.is_set():
self.server.serveonce()
def start(self):
"""Start the server in a separate thread."""
self.thread = Thread(target=self.run)
self.thread.start()
def stop(self):
"""Stop the server."""
self.exit_event.set()
if self.thread:
self.thread.join(10)
if self.thread.is_alive():
print('Thread cannot be joined', 'orange')
def __enter__(self):
"""Context manager entry."""
self.start()
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
"""Context manager exit."""
self.stop()
def create_websocket_server(port, use_tls=False, client_verify=False):
"""Factory function to create a WebSocket server."""
return WebsocketServer(port, use_tls, client_verify)
def run_forever(port=8080, use_tls=False, client_verify=False):
"""Run WebSocket server forever (for standalone use)."""
print(f"Starting WebSocket server on port {port}")
print(f"TLS enabled: {use_tls}")
print(f"Client verification: {client_verify}")
print(f"Server IP: {get_my_ip()}")
print(f"Connect with-->{'wss' if use_tls else 'ws'}://{get_my_ip()}:{port}")
print("Press Ctrl+C to stop the server")
server = WebsocketServer(port, use_tls, client_verify)
try:
server.start()
# Wait for the server thread to complete or be interrupted
server.thread.join()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("\nServer stopped by user")
except Exception as e:
print(f"Server error: {e}")
finally:
server.stop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="WebSocket Test Server")
parser.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=8080, help="Server port (default: 8080)")
parser.add_argument("--tls", action="store_true", help="Enable TLS/WSS")
parser.add_argument("--client-verify", action="store_true", help="Require client certificate verification")
args = parser.parse_args()
# Usage examples:
# python3 websocket_server.py # Plain WebSocket on port 8080
# python3 websocket_server.py --tls # TLS WebSocket on port 8080
# python3 websocket_server.py --tls --client-verify # TLS with client cert verification
# python3 websocket_server.py --port 9000 --tls # Custom port with TLS
run_forever(port=args.port, use_tls=args.tls, client_verify=args.client_verify)